Transmission



Oct. 28, 1952 J. M. SIMPSON ETAL TRANSMISSION 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 29, 1945 fianald Z0. f y;

J. M. SIMPSON ETAL Oct. 28, 1952 TRANSMISSION 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed oct. 29, 1945 I WVYS hvenl a. 73

Jan and *W LEAR-fiat anald eZZeZ Oct. 28, 1952 J. M. SIMPSON arm. 4

TRANSMISSION Filed Oct. 29, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Oct. 28, 1952 J. M. SIMPSON. EI'AL TRANSMISSION Filed 00f. 29, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 0507?) and %omlci ZallZ ZeZf Patented Get. 28; 1952 W. Kelbel, 'Muncie. Ind assignors .to BorgpWarner Corporation, Chicago. 11]., a corporation of- Illinois Application October 29, 1945; Serial Nd. 625,316

Our invention relates to transmissions particularly for automotive vehicles, andmore particw larly 'o'ur'invention relates to shifting mechanism for-such transmissions.

Manual transmission shifting mechanism has 13.C1aimS.' (Cl; 74375:)

heretofore often compriseda plurality of shift rails slidably disposed in the" transmission casing above the transmission gearing. A shift lever extending upwardly and pivoted tothe casing.

above the railswas provided for engaging with the rails to shift them and thus change thespeed ratio throughthe transmission. Such an arrangement, however, was not very compact since both the shift lever and railswe're above the gearing. It is an object of our invention to more compactly arrange the manual-shift lever for a transmissionand the shift rails, and tothisend it is an object .to provide an improved arrangement in which the shiftrails are at the side of the gearing and the shift levertis above'the shift rails. In particular we contemplate-that the transmission shall have more thantwo' (if-such shift rails and that the shift levershall simpls be movable transversely of thetra'nsmissio'n to engage with any of theshift railspreliminary to shifting them.

Transmissions are ordinarily provided with positive clutches and with" synchronizing means for synchronizing the speed of the par-ts'of the positive clutches prior: to. their engagement.

The synchronizing means generally' requires" a force which is greater in proportion to the speed to which one of the clutch parts is to be raised and: in general it is thus necessary to apply greater force to thesynchronizing means forthe low speed positive clutches than for the high speed pcsitive clutches in making a-shift' from a higher speed ratio to a lower speed ratio". It is thus an object of -'our invention to dispose the shift rail for the lowest speed provided in the transmission closer to the pivot of the shift lever than-ashift rail for higherspeeds provided-by the transmission.

It is another 'object'of our'invention to 'provide an: improved shifting arrangement inwhich a shifter shaft carrying a shift arm and journaled in-the transmission casing and "extending" longitudinally thereof maybe substituted for the upwardly extending shift lever; To this end it is an object of the invention to provide reciprocable shift'rails-provided with slots-whichare circularly disposed "about the journal openings in the transmission casing forthe-swingable shaft and arm whereby the" slo'tsma-y'receive said arm for shifting the rails.

It is afurther object of our invention'to provide a novel'transmissio'n casing forthe' gear change mechanism above-described and adapted to permitthe alternate installation of the two described types of improved shifting arrangements.

A still further object of our invention is to provide a noveltransmission casing for the gear change mechanism above described having means including a' 'socket for pivotally mounting a shift lever above the shift rails, and other means including oppositely disposed'journal openings in opposite sides thereof for pivotally "mounting a shaft extending through the openings and having a shifter arm, said means disposing the shift lever and shifter arm in such relationship to the shift rails that the shifterlever or the shifter arm may selectively eng'age any of therails when the shift lever and the shaft are alternately installed in,

the casing.

The invention consists of the novel constructions, arrangements and devices to be hereinafter described and claimed for carrying out theabove stated objects and such other objects as will appear from the following description of certain preferred embodiments illustrated inithe accom panying drawingsiwhereinz Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional View drawn diagrammatically of atransmission with which our improved shifting mechanism may-be used;

Fig. 2 is .a sectional view of thetransmission which is taken on linesv 22 :of Figs. 1 and 3;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on lin'e 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Figs..4 and 5 are sectional views'tak'en on lines 4-4 and 5-5 respectively of Fig. 3;

Fig. Gisasectional View through the-ltrahs'mission corresponding to Fig-. 4 but with fa -different type of shift mechanism-substituted for the upwardly extending shift lever shown in Fig; 4; and Fig. 7 is 'a sectional view takenonline l -i of Like characters of reference designate like p'a' rts in the several views.

These shafts areall mounted connecting either the gear M or the gear |5with V the driven shaft II, and positive clutch mechanism 26' is provided for connecting either the gear |6 or the gear I! with the drivenshaft 'I'he clutch mechanism comprises a hub 21" teeth 29 on its periphery which'are in mesh with teeth 38 formed on the internal surface iof -the collar 28. Teeth 3| and32 are provided respectively onthe gears 4 and-l5, andthe-collar 28 is movable from its neutral position in; whichit is shownin the drawings either-to bring its teeth 30 into mesh with the-teeth 3 ino'ne position or to bring its teeth 30 into mesh with the teeth-:32 in another position. In therformer position, the engaging teeth 30 and 3| :function to connect the shafts l0 and through the collar 28 and hub; 21 and in the latter'position the teeth 38, and 32 function to connect the gear 15 with theshaft also through the collarandhubn 3 A blocker synchronizing ring-33 is :provided between the hub 2| and teeth 3|, andajsimilar ring 34 is provided between the-hub and the teeth 32.

These rings are adapted togloear on friction sur:

faces 35-provided on the shaft l8 andonth'e gear |5 adjacent thehubf21, as shown; Thejrings 33 and 34 each; are provided :with'blocker teeth 36 which function to block the movement of the teeth 38 and the :collar 28 When the teeth 36, are in the path of xmovement of -the*tee th 30; 'The synchronizing rings 33 V.and-.34. are acted ion by thrust bars 31 disposed :in suitable slots 38 in the periphery-of the hub 21'. Each of the-thrust bars is provided, with a projection 39. whichfits in a suitable internalrgroove in 'the'collar 28 in the neutral condition oflthe clutch mechanism in which it is il1ustrated, and springs 4|} acting on the -;thrust bars 31,-yieldably. hold the thrust bars with their projectionswithin this groove. Each of the rings 33-and 34 is provided with'a slot 4| receivinganend'ofathrust bar 31,- and the slots are of such width that the synchronizer ring may vhave a limited rotaryamovementwith respect to the thrust bars.'At the limit-of the movement between one'of the synchronizer rings and thethrust bars,"the teeth 36"on theringfunc tion to block movement of the; collar 28 toward an engaged position. The 'synchronizerrings'33 and 34 function due to. .theirfrictional contact with the tapered surfaces 35 to synchronize the speed between the collar28 and either the shaft ID or the gear I5 prior to engagement of the collar either with the teeth-3| or teeth ,32..' .The thrust bars 31 functionto transmit, force from the collar 28 to either of therings 33 or 34'to provide the synchronizing force between either of the rings and the corresponding tapered surface- 35. The teeth 36 on each of the ringsfunction to prevent acomplete movement of the collar 28 to engaged position until the speed of the teeth to be engaged are synchronized with the collar and there 'isfa slight" reversal of relative rotation whereby the'synchronizer ring and its teeth 36 are rotated'slightly to move theteeth-36 out of the path of movement of the teeth 30 of the collar 28. The projections 39 of the thrust members 31 are moved out of the internal groove in the collar 28 against the action of the springs 48 when the collar 28 moves into either of its fully engaged positions. As is apparent from an inspection of the construction, the force exerted onxthe rings 33 and 34from the collar 28 for synchronizing the engaging parts of positive clutch is transmitted through the projections 39,

and when these projections move out of the internal groove in the collar 28, the thrust bars do not thereafter'exert'synchronizing force on the snychron iZer-rings'. The construction and operation ofthe clutch mechanism 25 is believed clear from the a'b'o ve explanation; however, the patent to ,S, .0. White et;al., No. 2,221,900, issued November 19, 1940; maybe referred to 'for a more full description of the synchronizer and blocker clutch mechanism. ;The; clutch mechanism 26 is yery similar in construction and'opera tion to the clutch'mecha-j nisrn25. :The=clutch mechanism 26 comprises a collar 42 slidably disposed onthe periph ery'of a hub 43, which is fixed;. to thezshaft ll. -Thehub 43; is providedwithteeth; 44 on its'periphery and thecollar 42 is provided with teeth 45 within the collar which are;- in;mesh3, withgthe vteethw l l; Clutch teeth 481-and41 are provided respectively on the gears lfifalldfj'l, and the' collar ,4-2-is adapted to mesh with eithercsetjof teeth to re'-, spectivelymconnect the gear lfijjwith the driven shaft |;-or;the gear H with the shaft. Blocker synchronizing rings 48j-and 49 are. provided be? tween thehub :43 I andithe, gears "l 61 and 1,; and these synchronizing-rings are actedon by thrust bars -50which;-are in turnzacted on by springs 5|.;-:.:The parts in;the-clutchomechanism 26 corresponding to those in the clutch mechanism=25 operateinpa ,similarmanner, and the rings '48 and 49 function to synchronize-the.partsof the clutch mechanism 26 to be engaged and to prevent such engagementzpriorito such synchronization, similar to the manner of operation ofthe rings =33-and 34 in thecIutChmecham'Sm 25; Four speeds in forward drive andla single speed in reverse drive arezprovidedrby the illustrated transmission;- Low speed forward drive is :provided by moving the collar 42 into. mesh with the teeth-41 to thereby connect .theeear with'the shaft The drive isithen from the drive shaft IQ through the gearslfixand 28 tothe counter-1 shaft-;gear-,clusterr|9 and-through the gears 23 and IT and theclutch mechanism 26 to the driven shaftl Second speed-inforward drive is provided by movingthe clutch collar. 42 to; engage it with thejteeth:46 to thereby connect the gear l6 withqthe driven shaft The power train in second speed isthe same as in first'speed with the exception that the drive proceeds through the gears ZZ and |-6-;in- .1;ieuof the gears 23 and Thirdspeed in forwarddrive'is providedby moving the clutch collar 28 to engage it with the teeth 32, withthe clutch mechanism 26:,being disengaged. The I drive in third speed forward is from the shaft; 0 and through the gears5|4 and 20,-the countershaft gear'cluster l9 and the gears2l and |5and clutch mechanism 25 tothe driven shaft Fourth speed forward which constitutes a direct drive between the shafts l8 and H is completed by moving the clutch collar 28 into engagementfwith theteeth- 3|. Reverse driveis obtainedlwith thel'clutch mechanisms, 25 and 26'. both in jneutral condition' and with thfe geaf'l8 being m'oved ori'theshaft ||.to bring it into meshwith; thecidlerzagear';24;: In: reverse drive, the. power. trainrproceeds.from thecdrive shaft through the. gears .l landfill, the counter.- shait g-ear cluster. [:9 and the gears- 23, 2'8 and?! 8 to the .driven shaft.

The mechanism for. shifting the. clutch sleeves 28 and 42 and the gear 18 forfic'onditioning the transmissionfor the. various speed ratios. will now be described. Yokes 55,. 56 and .51 arev provided which fit respectively in suitable grooves formed 'in-the sleeves 28 and-Erfl andin the gear.. I-8,; so that the yokes maysshift thesepartsb Theyokes 55, '55 and 5.12 are respectivelynfixed to.shafts, 58, 59 and 5.0,. and; these shafts are ,slidaoly disposed in the casing [3. The shafts 58 .and 59 extend throughcasing portions lflafiand I311; and the shaft 88 extends. through the casing portions 132) and lac-(see Fig. 3.). Ball locking. and detent-means areprovided for controlling the -mo.tion. of the shafts.:58,. 59

and .68. The shaft. .58 is provided withigthre'e notches-Eel, 62 .and 63;, the shaft 59 isprovided with three notches; 54, 55, and 88; and the shaft 55 is provided with two-notches-fil and 58 -(see Fig- 3).. The'notchesptl, 62 and- 53.:areadapted to cooperate with aball 591slidably. disposed in a cylindrical cavity: '78. provided in the, casing portion I317. The ball 89 is acted on" by aspring H also disposed in the cavity 10. and held in place by a cap-12;. The. notches 54, 65 and -86 are adapted to cooperate. with. a.- ball .13 which is disposed in another cavity I4 inthe casing portion-13b and, which is actedon by a spring held place by a 0243425., Ajball T! is provided for cooperating with the notches Hand 68, and

the ball IT is disposed in another cylindrical cavity 78 in the casing portion 132). The ball TI is acted on by a spring 18 held in place bya cap 80. The bal1s'68,'73 and-1:1 all. act similarly with respect to their respective notches in the shafts 58, 58and 80 and'function as'detent, means for yieldably: holding the shaftsQin-anumber of differentposit-ions: I

The notches 63, 52 and 8| are so disposed on the shaft 58 that the'ball189'when in the notches functions to yieldably hold the clutch sleeve 28 respectively in its direct drive:- position wherein the sleeve engages the teeth 34', in neutral position in which the sleeve is. illustrated or inthird speed position in which the sleeve engages the teeth 32. The notches 88,. 65 and 54 are so dis: posed 0n the shaft 59 that the ball .13 when in the notches functions to yieldably hold the clutch sleeve 42 respectively inits second speed position in. which the sleeve is in engagement with the teeth'46, in neutral position innwhichthe sleeve is illustrated, or in the low speed position of the sleeve in which it is engaged with the teeth 41-. The notches 8'1. and 6.8. are so disposedinthe shaft Bil-that the. ball- 1'! 'when in the-notches functions respectively toyieldingly hold the gear l8 either in its neutral position in-whichit. is

illustrated or in its reverse position in which it is engaged :v/ith;the gear 24.

The mechanism forlockingithe rails 58; 59. and

80 against movement undercertainq conditions comprises a notch 8! formed in the rail 5.8; notches 82 and 83 formed'in the rail 158an.d-a notch 84 formed in the-rail '60. Balls 85 are provided in a cylindrical cavity 85 extending be: tween the notches 8t and 821, and balls. 81' are provided in a cylindrical-cavity 88 extending'bee tween the notches 83i'and" 8t". A'beadrlikeele-:- ment B9 is slidably disposed iin the rai1158iand extends between the slots 82 and. 83;

Itswiil be. notedc'that, in thesdrawingfiizlthe rails.--58,a59 .;and 6 0 areillustratedin theirrneutral positions,;-and :the notches 581;, 82; 83 and 584 :are all in. line with ieach;0thenand-.;with the. balls" and 81. inwthesepositions of :therailsc; The. "balls 85 and 81 and the bead:89; functionstoiprevent amovement of two oftheraflsoutof their-neutral positions whena third .rai'lzis. moved-outof: neutral position. This-lockingmechanismthus functions topreventaconditioning oi.;th1e' transmission intomore than one speed-ratio. ata'time... When the rail 59 is "moved. outof .itszneutral position; it'holds the uppermost of thewballs 285cm .its illustrated position .;so that :thelowermost ball 85..is in..the;:no.tch 82',in:..the,:rai1..l58.; and pre. ventszthie' movement ofithe; latter rail. The lower;- most ,ball. .85. also. bears on: the-'bead .-89-'- whi'ch bears against the uppermost 10f. thesballslfll and holds. "the lowermost ball;.;i81. in: the .notchsi84. .in the rail. 60..-, The :latter rail"isrthuszheldirom movementjalso. When the rail. 60-is :moved1out balls, thus .holdx-the. :two. rails :59 .iand: 5.0 in; their neutral positions when the rail 581s out 'ofneutral position;

Av shift lever. Bo ie-provided for shifting the rails 58,. 59"and"6l1. The :lever'90. is providediwith a. ball portion 9'l-which;is. disposed in a. socket 92 provided in the transmission casing I and the shift, lever is thus: pivoted in the transmission casing l3. The casing. I3-is provided withopposite slots. 93. opening into:.-thef::.socket-, andtheball portion-8| is provided-witha key :84 extending therethrough and into therslots'i93. The key -94- efiectively prevents a, rotation of the lever within the socket 92 asiwill be understood; The lever '90 .is held in place by means'of anannular. gasket 9-'| which:v is disposed. between the, ball portion 91 anda.-cov.er '98 for. the transmission casing.

The shift, rail 59: is providedwith therein and a:pin: I00-1is provided in thelever 98,, the pin;being,.adapted to jentergthe slot 9.9 whenthelever 98 isrotated'. in a counter clockwise directionxabout its ball-and; socket connection withthe casing I 3 asjseen in Fig.4; The shift rail filliszprovidedwith a---'slot .HH and the lever 90 is, provided-witha return;:be.nt upwardly extending: tang: portion" :l 02': which? is: adapted "to enter the. slot'rlfll whenthei'lever..90-is1rotated inia clockwise direction-as'seenwinr Fig. 4 about. its ballfand socket .jointw-ith thecasing'lfl .1 The yoke 55'on;theshaftfliisiprovided'with:aadownwardly extending projection-:1 03.: in which: a: slot; i104 is formed; Thertank: portion; vI02"-is adapted .to enterfthe. slot I M-wheni thBIeVer-Q 97131111 a ;vertical position in whiohthe lever is :shown in. Fig. '4, for shifting. the: yoke-.55 andrthe' rail 58.

'I'herails-SB; 59-1and fiflrmay be shifted bymeans ofithe sing1e.iever.-a0: If;:the:1ever:;90 is allowed to: remain with its tang-portion 1.02111 engagement withthe slot clMaandethe uppergend of.:the-le.ver 981 is .1moyed.-'longitudinally of; the atransmission the=;lever Wi111.'$hift":th8FYOKB I551 an'dathereby the a slot 99- clutch mechanism 25 eithrinto its third' or fourth speed condition- The lever-"90 when rotated in the clockwise? direction as seen in' Fig. 4; Wi11"have its tang portion I02 enter "theslot I D I' in the rail'fifl, and the 'lever j9il by movement longitudinally of the transmission may be utilized to' shift' the gear 48 "into its po'sition'providing az'revers'e power: train through the transmission;

Thepin'- I on thealever" 90 -mayfbe engaged with-the rail 59'by'a counterclockwise movement of the lever from its position as shown in Fig. 4, and the lever- 90 by a 'movement longitudinally of the transmission maythen be;i utilized "to shift the rail 59 --and therebythe' clutch sleeve 42 of the clutch mechanism 5 25:: to put the sleeve either into its first or second speed position. It will be noted that the rail' 59is closest 'to -the ball and socket connection of the lever '90'witli the casing I3,'an'd with the same forceiexerted on the'llr per'end (not shown) of the lever :90; a greater force may be exerted -on therail'159 than on" eitheroftheother two rails 58 and 6B; This is advantageous;due to the fact that, par ticula'rly indownshifting; a-greater force is 'nec'essary to synchronize "the" partsto be coupled with theclut'ch' sleeve-:42 than is necessary, in com nection" with the clutchsleeve 28 of the clutch mechanism"25. 1 1-1;

-A'spring I 05 may'be provided'fixed to the transmission casingll3,'" a's shownl in-Fig.- 4. This spring bears on the" lower end of the lever "90 and yieldingly holds the-lever out-of engagement with the reverserail 60. I i :Inorder to"'disassemble the lever 90-fromthe transmission, the reverse rail 60, the'fi'cover'98 and the gasket 91 are removed from the" restiof the transmission. The lever '90-. is'then lifted slightly'to remove the key 9 l from'the s1ots 93, and the lever is rotated through 180 about its vertical axis so that' 'the return bentlo'wer por tion of the lever extends longitudinally of the transmission. The leve'r 90- may then be pulled out of thetr'ansmission casing, leaning the lever horizontallyas*itsf'return bent lower portion is moved through'the socket 92; An alternate shifting mechanism may be used fon shifting the'shift yokes 55, 56 and 51 in lieu of th'e' hand "operated lever "90 This alternate shifting" mechanism is-"illustrated in-Figs. 6' and 7 and is one that'is particularly *adaptablefor power shifting the transmission by suitable power operators or may-be'used in co'nnection with a remote manually operated shifting lever (not shown) located immediatelybelo'w the steering wheel of the automotive vehicle. Referring. to Figs'I B'and 7,-the alternate shiftingmechanism comprises a shaft 'I III which extends through openings I I I and H2 in the transmission-casing I3 and is thereby slid'ably and rotatably disposed Within' the casing I33" L'Ihe shaft rm carriesa shift arm'II3 providedwith a tang portion IM'. The-yoke 55 is provided witha, slot IIEQtherein; and'ithe'shift arm ll3 whenrotated-is adapted tofit 'intO either the' slot II5'or1into the slot 99 or the: first and thesecondsp'eed shift :rail 59. *A reverse'shift rail 60a is'used in connection with this shifting mechanism and is the's'ame as the shift" rail fifl' with'the exception that "a slot I I6 is provided inthis 'rail in lieuofl the slot IIJI; The slot I I6 is disposed substantially. t the same distance afrom'the center of'the'shaft I I0 as are the: slots. I I5 and :99, and the "rail" 6011 may be shifted :byTm'ovingthe tanguportion .I I 4 into the slot LIB. sAs :isapparent, i after the shift arm 1| Iz3 has beenmov'ed to'aenga'ge many of the slots 99',- I I5 or II6,"the corresponding'shift rail may be moved simply: by 1 giving a longitudinal movement to: the shaft II0.-The spring I05 if used functions with the shift :arrangement shown in Figs. 6 and 7 to yieldingly hold the shift'arm 'I I3 Out of engagement with the 1 reverse rail 60a.

When the shifting mechanism shown in Figs. 6 and 'l'is used, a closure plate 98a-for thetransmission casing I3 may be used which plate completely closes the socket'opening for the ball portiOn'SI'of the shaft lever 90. Referring again to Figs.'2, 3 and 4, the openings I I I and I I2 may be closed by closure members Ill and H8 when the'lever 901's used to shift the transmission, as shown. 1 "fbur improvedshifting mechanism for transmissions"advantageously provides two alternate arrangements which may be used for shifting the same transmission without a change'in' the transmission casing. or in the gearing thereof; one of the'shifting mechanisms being useful for manual shifting and" the other'for powerishifting. With the' manual shift lever being utilized, a greater force-for the same force exerted on the upper end of the lever 90 may be'exerted 'o'n the first and second speed-"shift" rai159 than onthe other shift rail's'due to the fact that the shift rail'59 iscloser tothe ball and socket joint ofthelever 99 -and the casing I3,-'and the transmission may thus be moreeasily downshifted into' either first or second speed 'ratio'sfrom ahigher speed ratioll The shift arrangement including the lever 50 is furthermore-very compact since the three s'hiftrails59f60 and 58' are all at'the side of the gearing in the transmission rather than-being locatedabove'the gearing. 1 I We wishit to be understood vthat our invention is'not to be limited t'o'the specific'constructions and arrangements shown'and described ex cept only insofar as the claims may be so limited; as it will be apparent to those'skilled: in the art that changes may be made. without de parting from the principles of the invention. 1

We claim: L v 1JIn transmission(mechanism; the: combina-' tion of 1 input and output shafts, gearing to drive said-outputshaft from said input shaft at a low'and a high speed ratio, friction .clutch means serving to completesaid low speed ratio and friction clutch "means" serving to complete said high "speed ratio; a first reciprocable member effective'upon movement thereof for'actuating said first named friction clutch to complete said low s'peedratio and a second reciprocable 'member eifective' upon' mo-vement thereof for actuating said -second'named friction clutch to complete said high speed ratio, and a pivoted shifting lever adapted to selectively engage either of said members for moving the members, a greater force being required for actuating said first named fric tion clutch-to complete said low speed ratio than is required for actuating said second named frictionclut'chto'complete said high speed ratio, said first reciprocable member being located closer to the pivot" of said pivoted shifting lever than is said high speed reciprocable member whereby the efiective length of lever arm for said first reciprocable member 'is less than the effective lengthof lever arm for said second reciprocable member such that equal shifting forces applied to the pivoted shifting lever result in a, greater force being applied for actuating said first named friction clutch than for actuating said second named friction clutch.

2. In transmission mechanism, the combina- 9 tion of input and output shafts; gearing' to "drive said output shaft'from said input' shaft at "a low speed ratio and 'a'high" speed ratio; a positive clutch for completing said lows'peedrati'o and a positive clutch for completihgsaidhi'gh speed ratio, friction clutch means 'for synchronizing the engag'eableparts of said firstnamed positive clutch and friction clutch means for synchronizing the engageable parts-of said second named positive clutch, a-greater force being required for operating said first nar'ned friction'iclutch for synchronizing the "engageable parts -of"- said first named positive clutch than is required for operating said second named friction clutch for synchronizing the engageablepartsof said second named positive clutch, a reciprocable 'mem': ber shiftably movable to actuate said low speed positive and friction'clutch means anda reciprocable member shiftably movable'to; actuate said I high speed positive andf'ricti'onplutch means, and a pivoted shifting lever adapted" to "selectively' engage either of said members for shifting the member, said low "speed reciprocable member being located closer to the pivot ofsaid lever than is said high speed reciprocable mem-' ber whereby the effective length of lever arm for said low speed reciprocable member'is'dess' than the efiective length of lever arm"fo r said high speed reciprocable member such that "equal shifting forces applied to the pivotedshifting lever result in a greater force being applied for operating said first named friction clutch than for operating said second namedfrictionclutch.

3. In transmission mechanism, the combination of input and output shafts, gearing to drive said output shaft from said input shaft at a low speed -ratio and a high speed ratio, positive clutches for completing each of said speed ratios, a blocking and synchronizing ring for each of said positive clutches for blocking full engagement of thefengageable parts of the clutch prior to synchronization of the said parts and including friction clutch means for synchronizing said parts prior to, the engagement thereof, a reciproc'able member shiftabl'y movable to actuate said low ratio positive clutch and a reciprocable' mem disposed'in said casing at different levels at one sid'eof said gearing, anda shift lever pivoted in the'transmission'casing above said shift rails,

said rails each being provided with a slot adapted of saidlrails.

ber shiftably movable to actuate said high' ratio positive clutch, a greater'shifting' force'being re quired for operating the friotionclutchmeans for the positive clutch'forcompleting theplow speed ratio than is required'lfor operatingfthe friction clutch means for =the positiijre clu't'ch'fo'r completing the high speed ratio, andapivoted shifting lever adapted to selectively engage either I of said members for shiftinglthe members, said,

10w" speed reciprocable member being located closer to the pivot of said lever than is said high speed reciprocable member whereby the effect ve length of lever arm for-said low speedrecipro cable'member is less than the effective length of lever arm for said high speed reciprocable member such that equal shifting forces applied to the In a transmission; the combination of a transmission casing, input and output shafts in gearing to drive said output shaft from said input shaft at a plurality of driving ratios, three shift rails 'reciprocably disposed in said casing for aetivatingsaid'gearing to produce said ratios, said rails being disposed at different levels at one side -o f*the gearing, and'ashi'ft lever pivoted in the transmission casing above said rails, each of said rails'being-provided with a slot for receiving said lever and the lever when moved transversely of .the transmission casing to three different positions engaging the slot in one of said railsinfeach of its said positions, the uppermost of said shift rails being engaged by an uppermost portion of said shiftlever' below its sai'd'pivot, said intermediate shift rail being provided with a downwardly extending'portion in which its said slot is formed, said lever having a return bent upwardly extending tang portion adapted to enter and pass through said'last named slot and I rails reciproc'ablydisposed in said casing for activating' said gearing to produce said ratios, said rails being disposed at different levels 'ina portion of a circle atone side'of said geari g, and a shift leverpivoted in the transmission. casing'above the shift rails, each of said rails having a slot to receive saidshift lever and said lever when moved transversely of the transmission casing into three .different'positions being adapted to enter the slot of one of said 'railsineach of'its'said positions, the uppermost, of said shift rails being engaged by an uppermost portion of said shift lever below its said pivot, the intermediate one of said rails" having a downwardly extending portion formed with the slot for the rail, said lever havtion for entering the slot of'sa'id intermediate rail and for passing therethrough and for also enter- 7. In combination, a transmission casing, a

pivoted shifting lever result inla greater force being applied for actuating the friction clutch means for the positive clutch for completing the low speed ratio than forlactuating. the friction clutch means forthe positive clutch for completing the high speed ratio. V a v 4. In a transmission, the combination of a transmission casing, input and output shafts in said casing and extending longitudinally thereof,

gearing to drive said output shaft from saidinput shaft at a plurality of drivingratios, threefrecip rocable shift rails for activating said gearing to p oquce a ee sa rei s eee reamrly;

transmission disposed within'said casing and including 'an axially shiftable member mounted for reciprocablemovement within the casing, means on said casingprovidinga pivotal mounting for "a shift lever of theswinging type designed for cooperation with said shiftable member, means providing a pair of journals in said casing in a different horizontalpl'ane from said 'first-mentioned means providing a mounting for an alternatively usable shift lever of the sliding and oscillatingtype and likewise designed for cooperation journals in said casing in a different horizontal plane from said first-mentioned means for reception of an alternatively usable shift lever of the sliding and oscillating type and likewise designed for cooperation with said shiftable members, andv means defining a slot in one of said members disposed in spaced relation within the casing with respect to the journals and the pivotal mounting for selectively receiving a part on the swinging shift lever spaced from its pivotal mounting or an end of the slidable and oscillatable lever when the same is employed for shifting purposes, there being a slot in another of said shiftable members adapted to receive therein an end of the swinging lever when the latter is employed for shifting purposes, and there being a second slot in said latter shiftable member adapted to receive therein an end of the sliding and oscillating lever when it is employed for shifting purposes.

9. In combination, a transmission casing, a transmission disposed within said casing and including an axially shiftable member mounted for reciprocable movementwithin the casing, means on said casing providing a pivotal mounting for a shift lever of the swinging type designed for cooperation with said shiftable member, means defining a pair of journals in said casing in a different horizontal plane from said first-mentioned means for reception of an alternatively usable shift lever of the sliding and oscillating type and likewise designed for cooperation with said shiftable member, said shiftable member including means defining a single slot therein disposed in spaced relation within the casing with respect to the journals and the pivotal mounting for receiving an end of the swinging shift lever when the latter is employed for shifting purposes or for receiving an end of the sliding and oscillating shift lever when the latter is employed for shifting purposes.

10. In a control means for controlling a transmission of the type having positive clutches movable to different positions to complete-different speed ratios between input and output shafts wherein one of the positive clutches is movable to either of two engaged positions for completing one of two low speed ratios in each position thereof and another of the positive clutches is movable to either of two engaged positions for completing one of two high speed ratios in each position thereof and each of the positive clutches has friction clutch means associated therewith for synchronizing the speed of the engaging parts of each of the positive clutches as it is moved toward either of its engaged positions, the combination of a reciprocable member for first actuating the friction clutch means associated with the low speed positive clutch to synchronize the speed of the engaging parts and then actuating the low Speed positive clutch, a reciprocable member for first actuating the friction clutch means associated with the high speed positive clutch to synchronize the speed of the engaging parts and then actuating the high speed positive clutch,

and a pivoted shifting leveradapted to selectively engage either of said reciprocable members for moving them to either of their engaged positions, a' greater force being required for, actuating the friction clutch means associated with-the posi tive clutch for completing the low speed ratios than is required for actuating the friction clutch means associated with the positive clutch for completing the high speed ratios, said low speed reciprocable member being located closer to the pivot of said shifting lever than is said high speed reciprocable member whereby the effective length of lever arm for said low speed reciprocable member is less than the effective length of lever arm for said highspeed reciprocable member such plied for actuating the friction clutch means as-- sociated with the positive clutch for completing the low speed ratios than for actuating the friction clutch means associated with the positive clutch for completing the high speed ratios.

11. In a control 'means for controlling a transmission of the .type having gearing and positive clutches movable to different positions to complete different speed ratiosbetween input and output shafts wherein one of the positive clutches is movable to either of two engaged positions for completing one of two low speed power trains in each position thereof and another of the positive clutches is movable to either'of two engaged po sitions for completing one of two high speed gear trains in each'position thereo'f'and each positive clutch has friction synchronizer rings associated therewith having'blocker teeth thereon for preventing engagement of the engaging parts of the positive clutches prior tosynchronizationthereof, the combination of a reciprocable member for first actuating the synchronizing rings associated with the low speed positive clutch to synchronize the engaging parts and thenactuating the low speed positive clutch, a reciprocable member for first actuating the synchronizer rings associated with the high speed positive clutch to synchronize the engaging parts and then actuating the high speed positive clutch, and a pivoted shifting lever adapted to engage; either of said reciprocable members for shifting the members, a greater force being required to actuate the synchronizer ring associated with the positive clutch for com pleting the low speed ratios than is required for theipositive clutch for completing the high speed ratios, said low speed reciprocable member being located closer to the -pivot'of said; lever than is said high speed reciprocable member whereby the efiective length of lever arm forsaid low speed reciprocable member is less than the effective length of lever arm forsaid high speed reciprocable member such that equal shifting forces applied to the pivoted shifting; lever result in a greater force being applied to the synchronizer ring associated with the positive clutch for completing the low speed ratios than is applied to the synchronizer ring associated with the positive clutch for completing the-high speed ratios.

12. In transmission mechanism adapted to be shifted by means of an upwardly extending shift lever movable in two substantially perpendicular planes or by means of a reciprocable and oscillatable shift rod adaptedto extend substantially at right angles to the shift lever, the combination of a drive shaft, a driven 'shaft,'a transmission housing through which saidshafts extend, gearing in said housing for providing drives of two different speed ratios between said shafts, means 13 for changing from one of the said drives to the other and including a longitudinal movable shift rail mounted in said housing and movable in one direction for completing one of the speed ratios and movable in the opposite direction for completing the other speed ratio, said rail having a slot therein, means providing a journal located generally above the said shift rail for pivotally mounting the upwardly extending shift lever so that by movement in one direction it can be moved into said slot and subsequent movement of it in a plane perpendicular to its first movement will shift said shift rail, and means providing journals in the sides of said housing for receiving the reciprocable and oscillatable shift rod 'so that it may be moved into said slot on rocking movement thereof and subsequent longitudinal movement thereof will cause longitudinal movement of said shift rail.

13. In transmission mechanism adapted to be shifted by means of an upwardly extending shift lever movable in two substantially perpendicular planes or by means of a reciprocable and oscillatable shift rod adapted to extend substantially at right angles to the shift lever, the combination of a drive shaft, a driven shaft, a transmission housing through which said shafts extend, gearing in said housing for providing drives of a plurality of different speed ratios between said shafts, means for changing from one of said drives to the other and including a pair of longitudinally movable shift rails mounted in said housing, each of said shift rails being movable in different directions to complete two of said different speed ratios, the first of said rails having a single slot therein, the second of said rails having a pair of slots therein, means providing a journal located generally above said shift rails for pivotally mounting the upwardly extending shift lever so that by movement of it in one direction into said single slot in said first rail and subseouent movement of it in a plane perpendicular to its first movement will shift said first shift rail and so that by movement of said shift lever in a direction opposite to the first direction and into one of said slots in said second rail and subsequent movement of it in a plane perpendicular to the last named direction will shift said second shift rail, and means providing journals in the sides of said housing for receiving the reciprocable and oscillatable shift rod so that it may be moved into the single slot of said first shift rail on rocking movement thereof and subsequent longitudinal movement thereof will cause longitudinal movement of said first shift rail and so that said reoiprocable and oscillatable shift rod may be moved into the other of said slots in said second rail on rocking movement thereof and subsequent longitudinal movement thereof will cause longitudinal movement of said second shift rail.

JOHN M. SIMPSON, DONAIJ) W. KELBEL.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,395,019 Turnbull -1 Oct. 25, 1921 1,820,006 Beringer Aug. 25, 1931 1,875,386 MacKenzie Sept. 6, 1932 1,956,528 Fishburn et a1. Apr. 24, 1934 1,970,729 Beringer Aug. 21, 1934 1,997,448 Birkemeier Apr. 9, 1935 2,014,905 Martinuzzi Sept. 17, 1935 2,022,618 Church Nov. 26, 1935 2,030,838 1 Hill Feb. 11, 1936 2,057,073 Vandervoort Oct. 13, 1936 2,106,841 Griswold Feb. 1, 1938 2,115,089 Tenney Apr. 26, 1938 2,163,741 Weaver June 27, 1939 2,167,065 Eckert July 25, 1939 2,217,726 Burt Oct. 15, 1940 2,222,913 Pescara Nov. 26, 1940 2,277,913 Kesling Mar. 31, 1942 2,316,503 Curtis Apr. 13, 1943 2,323,384 Eberhard July 6, 1943 2,342,105 Jacobi Feb. 22, 1944 2,342,985 Tyken Feb. 29, 1944 2,356,522 Kummich Aug. 22, 1944 2,368,868 Orr Feb. 6, 1945 2,372,733 Orr Apr. 3, 1945 2,391,783 Jacobi Dec. 25, 1945 2,416,640 Pinardi Feb. 25, 1947 Swennes Dec. 23, 1947 

